(1) Mast light: It is a kind of white signal light installed on the front and rear masts in accordance with international navigation rules.It is used to indicate the direction of the night sailing ship. It is placed above the centerline of the ship's end and end, higher than other lights, and from the front of the ship to within 22.5° of each side, it displays a white light with uninterrupted light in a horizontal arc of 225°.It is mainly used to display the dynamics and scales of the ship and to identify the scales and dynamics of other ships, and is a visual device for judging the situation of the ship's encounter and approach.

(2) Gangway light: Refers to the red light installed on the port side that emits uninterrupted red light in the 112.5° horizontal arc from the bow to the left when the ship is sailing, and the green light installed on the starboard side that emits uninterrupted green light in the 112.5° horizontal arc from the bow to the right when the ship is sailing. Collectively referred to.The device is to display the lights separately within 22.5 degrees from the front of the ship to the front and rear of each side.

(3) Tail light: Refers to a white light placed as close as possible to the stern of the ship to display uninterrupted light.A horizontal arc of 135° is displayed within 67.5° from the front and rear of the ship to each side.The visible distance is 3 and 2nmile according to the captain's requirements.It is used to display the dynamics of the ship and identify the dynamics of other ships, and to judge the situation of the ship's cross-encounter or chase.

(4) Towing light: placed above the taillight, it has the same horizontal arc of 135° as the taillight.According to the provisions of the "International Collision Avoidance Rules", the minimum visibility of towing lights for ships with a captain greater than or equal to 50 meters is 3 nautical miles, and the minimum visibility for ships with a captain less than 50 meters is 2 nautical miles.

(5) Ring light: Refers to a signal light that displays uninterrupted light in a 360-degree horizontal arc.For example, a white ring light at the front of the ship is the anchor light. The front anchor light should be higher than the rear anchor light and greater than 4.5m. When the captain is greater than 50m, the front anchor light should be at a height of more than 6m above the hull.

(6) Instrument indicator light: A light that reflects the working condition of the indicated equipment, which can be seen in many places on the ship.

(7) Lighthouse: It is a large-scale fixed navigation aid sign. The main structure is generally tower-shaped, and the top is equipped with high-intensity light-emitting equipment. The range of light is generally 15-25 nautical miles.Lighthouses are used by ships to determine the position of the ship, determine the direction of navigation, guide the ship to sail or indicate dangerous areas (dangerous sandbanks or reefs and waterways leading to the mouth of the port).It can be placed near important waterways, coasts, ports, rivers or dangerous obstructions with a wide view.However, with the rapid development of navigation technology and the establishment of an integrated navigation system of radar transponders, DGPS systems, and AIS ship automatic identification systems, the navigation role of lighthouses has been weakened more and more, and the navigation value is decreasing day by day, but it has potential historical and cultural value and has become a sought after humanistic and geographic coordinate in various countries.

(8) Buoys and light buoys: Refers to a kind of navigational beacon floating on the water surface, which is anchored at a designated location to mark the range of the channel, indicate shallows, obstruct navigation, or indicate a special purpose surface navigation aid sign.Buoys have the largest number of navigational aids and are widely used. They are set up in places where it is difficult or inappropriate to set up fixed navigational aids.Buoys equipped with lamps are called light buoys and are used to aid navigation in navigable waters day and night.